54 questions · 108 marks counted · grouped by chapter, each linked to the topic it tests.
3 questions · 4 marks
A student performs the following experiment in his school laboratory (a conical flask fitted with a delivery tube containing dilute sulphuric acid and Zn granules - see figure). List two observations to justify that in this experiment a chemical change has taken place.
Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mass ratio (M_H : M_O) of hydrogen and oxygen gases liberated at the electrodes during electrolysis of water is :
Assertion (A): Decomposition reactions are generally endothermic reactions. Reason (R): Decomposition of organic matter into compost is an exothermic process. Select the correct answer:
6 questions · 8 marks
Consider the following reactions : (i) Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. (ii) Magnesium oxide reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid. (iii) Carbon dioxide reacts with sodium hydroxide. It is found that in each case :
The following table shows the pH values of four solutions A, B, C and D on a pH scale (see figure: pH scale 1-14 with B at 7, C at 13, D at 3, A at 5). The solutions A, B, C and D respectively are of a :
[Case: Seawater contains many dissolved salts; common salt is separated from these, deposits of solid rock salt (brown due to impurities) are mined like coal, and common salt is an important raw material for chemicals of daily use.] Write balanced chemical equations to show the products formed during electrolysis of brine.
[Case: Seawater/common salt/rock salt as raw material for chemicals of daily use.] List two uses of any one product obtained during electrolysis of brine.
[Case: Seawater/common salt/rock salt as raw material for chemicals of daily use.] A mild non-corrosive basic salt 'A', used for faster cooking, is strongly heated to produce a compound 'B', that is used for removing permanent hardness of water. Identify A and B and also write the equation for the reaction that occurs when A is heated.
[Case: Seawater/common salt/rock salt as raw material for chemicals of daily use.] Define water of crystallisation. Give two examples of salts that have water of crystallisation.
7 questions · 13 marks
The products formed when Aluminium and Magnesium are burnt in the presence of air respectively are :
(i) Name two metals which react violently with cold water. List any three observations which a student notes when these metal are dropped in a beaker containing water. (ii) Write a test to identify the gas evolved (if any) during the reaction of these metals with water.
Reaction between two elements A and B, forms a compound C. A loses electrons and B gains electrons. Which one of the following properties will not be shown by compound C ?
The formation of magnesium oxide is correctly shown in option : (four options (A)-(D) each showing an electron-dot / Lewis structure representation of Mg reacting with O to form Mg^2+ and oxide ion - see figure).
(a) "Displacement reactions also play a key role in extracting metals in the middle of the reactivity series." Justify this statement with two examples. (b) Why can metals high up in the reactivity series not be obtained by reduction of their oxides by carbon ?
The metals obtained from their molten chlorides by the process of electrolytic reduction are :
With the help of an activity, explain the conditions under which iron articles get rusted.
2 questions · 10 marks
(i) Draw two isomeric structures of Butene (C_4H_8). (ii) Name the following compounds: (I) CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-Cl (a chain of three carbons each fully H-saturated with a Cl on the end carbon); (II) CH_3-CH_2-CO-CH_3 (a four-carbon chain with a C=O double bond on the third carbon). (iii) Write the chemical equations for the following reactions. Mention one essential condition each for these reactions to take place. (I) Ethanol undergoes complete oxidation (II) Propene undergoes hydrogenation (III) Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol.
(i) A carbon compound X is a good solvent. On reaction with sodium, X forms two products Y and Z. Z is used to convert vegetable oil into vegetable ghee. Identify and name X, Y and Z. Also write the equation of reaction of X with sodium to justify your answer. (ii) Write chemical equation to show what happens when ethanol: (I) burns in oxygen/air. (II) is heated at 443 K in excess conc. H_2SO_4. (III) reacts with acidified potassium dichromate.
8 questions · 12 marks
[Case: Maintenance functions of all living organisms must go on continuously; these processes require energy obtained from food prepared by autotrophs (producers).] Name and define the process by which green plants prepare food.
[Case: Maintenance functions require energy from food prepared by autotrophs.] Write chemical equation involved in the above process (photosynthesis).
[Case: Maintenance functions require energy from food prepared by autotrophs.] State in proper sequence the events that occur in synthesis of food by desert plants.
[Case: Maintenance functions require energy from food prepared by autotrophs.] Explain giving reasons what happens to the rate at which the green plants will prepare food (I) during cloudy weather, and (II) when stomata get blocked due to dust.
Secretion of less saliva in mouth will effect the conversion of :
The breakdown of glucose has taken the following pathway : Glucose --(a)--> Pyruvate + Energy --(b)--> Lactic acid + Energy. The sites 'a' and 'b' respectively are :
Besides minimising the loss of blood, why is it essential to plug any leak in a blood vessel ? Name the component of blood which helps in this process and state how this component performs this function.
(i) The transport system in plants is relatively slower than in animals. Give reasons. (ii) State the role of phloem in the transport of materials in plants.
2 questions · 4 marks
Plants have neither a nervous system nor muscles, even then they respond to stimuli. For example, the leaves of chhui-mui (touch-me-not) plant when touched begin to fold up and droop. (a) How is the information communicated in "touch-me-not" plants ? (b) What enables the plant cells to bring out the observable response ? (c) Differentiate the movement mentioned above from the movement of tendrils in a pea plant.
The plant hormone whose concentration stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light is :
5 questions · 16 marks
Draw labelled diagrams to show different stages of budding in Hydra.
The correct/true statement(s) for a bisexual flower is/are : (i) They possess both stamen and pistil. (ii) They possess either stamen or pistil. (iii) They exhibit either self-pollination or cross-pollination. (iv) They cannot produce fruits on their own.
(a) What are chromosomes ? (b) Explain in brief how stability of DNA content of a species is ensured in sexually reproducing organisms ?
(i) Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination. (ii) Identify A, B and C in the diagram given below (a diagram of a flower/pistil showing pollen germination and the ovule - see figure) and write one function of each.
(i) Write the functions of the following parts of human female reproductive system: (I) Ovary (II) Fallopian tube (III) Uterus. (ii) State briefly two contraceptive methods used by human males.
2 questions · 2 marks
If pea plants with round and green seeds (RRyy) are crossed with pea plants having wrinkled and yellow seeds (rrYY), the seeds developed by the plants of F_1 generation will be :
Assertion (A): A human child bears all the basic features of human beings. Reason (R): It looks exactly like its parents, showing very little variations. Select the correct answer:
5 questions · 16 marks
Mirror 'X' is used to concentrate sunlight in solar furnace and Mirror 'Y' is fitted on the side of the vehicle to see the traffic behind the driver. Which of the following statements are true for the two mirrors ? (i) The image formed by mirror 'X' is real, diminished and at its focus. (ii) The image formed by mirror 'Y' is virtual, diminished and erect. (iii) The image formed by mirror 'X' is virtual, diminished and erect. (iv) The image formed by mirror 'Y' is real, diminished and at its focus.
Draw ray diagrams to show the nature, position and relative size of the image formed by a convex mirror when the object is placed (i) at infinity and (ii) between infinity and pole P of the mirror.
(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of a ray of light through a rectangular glass slab when it falls obliquely from air into glass. (ii) State Snell's law of refraction of light. (iii) Differentiate between the virtual images formed by a convex lens and a concave lens on the basis of: (I) object distance, and (II) magnification.
An object is placed at a distance of 60 cm from a concave lens of focal length 30 cm. Use lens formula to find the position of the image formed in this case.
(i) The power of a lens 'X' is -2.5 D. Name the lens and determine its focal length in cm. For which eye defect of vision will an optician prescribe this type of lens as a corrective lens ? (ii) "The value of magnification 'm' for a lens is -2." Using new Cartesian Sign Convention and considering that an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the optical centre of this lens, state: (I) the nature of the image formed; (II) size of the image compared to the size of the object; (III) position of the image, and (IV) sign of the height of the image. (iii) The numerical values of the focal lengths of two lenses A and B are 10 cm and 20 cm respectively. Which one of the two will show higher degree of convergence/divergence ? Give reason to justify your answer.
1 question · 1 marks
An old person is suffering from an eye defect caused by weakening of ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens. If the defect of vision is 'a' which can be corrected by lens 'b', then 'a' and 'b' respectively are :
5 questions · 11 marks
Consider the following electric circuit (see figure: a 15 V source, 10 ohm and 15 ohm resistors in parallel, in series with a parallel combination of 60 ohm and 40 ohm resistors, an ammeter A and key K). Calculate the values of the following : (a) The total resistance of the circuit (b) The total current drawn from the source (c) Potential difference across the parallel combination of 10 ohm and 15 ohm resistors.
(a) Write the relationship between resistivity and resistance of a cylindrical conductor of length l and area of cross-section A. Hence derive the SI unit of resistivity. (b) Why are alloys used in electrical heating devices ?
A wire of resistance R is cut into three equal parts. If these three parts are then joined in parallel, calculate the total resistance of the combination so formed.
Define electric power. When do we say that the power consumed in an electric circuit is 1 watt ?
[Case: Domestic mains supply at 220 V between live and neutral wires.] What should be the current rating of the electric circuit (220 V) so that an electric iron of 1 kW power rating can be operated ?
4 questions · 6 marks
Assertion (A): No two magnetic field lines are found to cross each other. Reason (R): The compass needle cannot point towards two directions at the point of intersection of two magnetic field lines. Select the correct answer:
[Case: In our homes we receive electric power through mains (overhead poles or underground cables); the potential difference between the live wire and neutral wire of this supply is 220 V.] Write the colours of the insulation covers of the line wires through which supply comes to our homes.
[Case: Domestic mains supply at 220 V between live and neutral wires.] What is the function of the earth wire ? State the advantage of the earth wire in domestic electric appliances such as electric iron.
[Case: Domestic mains supply at 220 V between live and neutral wires.] List two precautions to be taken to avoid electrical accidents. State how these precautions prevent possible damage to the circuit/appliance.
4 questions · 5 marks
Which of the following groups do not constitute a food chain ? (i) Wolf, rabbit, grass, lion (ii) Plankton, man, grasshopper, fish (iii) Hawk, grass, snake, grasshopper, frog (iv) Grass, snake, wolf, tiger
The percentage of solar energy which is not converted into food energy by the leaves of green plants in a terrestrial ecosystem is about :
Assertion (A): The amount of ozone in the atmosphere began to drop sharply in the 1980s. Reason (R): The oxygen atoms combine with molecular oxygen to form ozone. Select the correct answer:
"Excessive use of chemicals and pesticides in agriculture adversely effect the environment." Justify this statement.